Which plan allowed for congressional representation based on population?

The Virginia Plan proposed a system of congressional representation based on population, which meant that states with larger populations would have more representatives in Congress. This plan was presented at the Constitutional Convention in 1787 and was championed by delegates from more populous states. It aimed to create a bicameral legislature where both houses would be determined by population, thus giving more influence to larger states compared to smaller ones.

The significance of the Virginia Plan lies in the debates it sparked regarding representation and federalism, which ultimately led to the Great Compromise. This compromise resulted in a bicameral legislature with one house representing states equally and the other based on population, a structure that forms the foundation of the U.S. Congress today. Understanding the Virginia Plan is crucial as it reflects the tension between different states' interests during the founding of the United States.