Which civilization was the first to emerge in the Andes Mountains?

The Chavín civilization is recognized as the first significant culture to emerge in the Andes Mountains around 900 BCE. This civilization is notable for its early developments in architecture, religious practices, and agricultural techniques, which laid the groundwork for later Andean societies. The Chavín are particularly remembered for their ceremonial centers, most notably Chavín de Huantar, which served as a religious hub and influenced various subsequent cultures in the region.

The Chavín civilization played a critical role in the cultural and social development of the Andes, making substantial contributions to agriculture, trade, and artistic expression. Their iconography and religious practices influenced later civilizations, establishing a rich cultural legacy.

The Inca, Moche, and Aztec civilizations emerged much later. The Inca civilization rose to prominence in the early 15th century, the Moche flourished from approximately 100 CE to 800 CE, and the Aztecs developed in central Mexico around the 14th century. Each of these civilizations had distinct features and accomplishments but none predated the Chavín in the Andes region.