What was the name of the first civilization established in Mesopotamia around 3500 B.C.E.?

The first civilization established in Mesopotamia around 3500 B.C.E. was the Sumerian civilization. This early society is credited with numerous advancements that laid the groundwork for future civilizations in the region. The Sumerians developed one of the first writing systems, known as cuneiform, along with significant contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and architecture, including the construction of ziggurats.

The Sumerian civilization is also recognized for establishing complex city-states, each governed by its own rulers and deities, prominently featuring cities like Uruk and Ur. Their innovative agricultural practices and trade systems allowed them to sustain a growing population and influence neighboring cultures in Mesopotamia and beyond.

The other civilizations mentioned developed later. Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian cultures emerged after the Sumerians, building upon their foundational achievements and expanding the scope of civilization in the region.