What significant event, known as Bloody Sunday, occurred on January 9, 1905?

Bloody Sunday refers to the tragic event that occurred on January 9, 1905, when peaceful protesters marched to the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, Russia, to present a petition to Tsar Nicholas II. The demonstration was led by Father Georgy Gapon and consisted mainly of workers seeking better working conditions, political reform, and an end to the Russo-Japanese War, which was causing widespread suffering in Russia.

The protesters were met with violent repression from the Imperial Guard, resulting in hundreds of deaths and injuries. This event became a catalyst for the 1905 Revolution, highlighting the deep discontent among the Russian populace towards the autocracy and its failure to address social and economic grievances. Bloody Sunday significantly impacted the course of Russian history, as it marked a turning point in the relationship between the Tsar and his subjects, leading to increased unrest and demands for change.

The other events listed, such as a presidential election, a declaration of war, or a civil rights march, are not related to this specific event in Russian history, which is primarily characterized by its implications for workers' rights and political reform rather than an electoral or militaristic context.