The 2nd Industrial Revolution is primarily associated with advancements in which fields?

The second Industrial Revolution, which occurred roughly from the late 19th century into the early 20th century, is primarily characterized by significant advancements in electricity and chemical processes.

Electricity played a transformative role during this period, enabling the development of electric power generation and distribution, which laid the foundation for modern industrial and household uses of electricity. Innovations such as the electric light bulb and the expansion of the telegraph and telephone networks greatly enhanced communication and production efficiency.

Simultaneously, advancements in chemistry led to the development of new materials and processes, including synthetic dyes, fertilizers, and explosives. These chemical innovations had widespread implications, driving production in industries as diverse as agriculture and manufacturing.

The other options do not encapsulate the main thrust of the second Industrial Revolution as precisely. While transportation saw some advancements, such as the expansion of railroads and the introduction of automobiles, transportation as a category doesn't capture the technological breadth associated with electricity and chemistry. Similarly, while textiles evolved, they were more a feature of the first Industrial Revolution. Metallurgy and agriculture, though important, were not as revolutionary in this specific framework as the advancements in electricity and chemicals. Lastly, mining and pottery do not reflect the major technological strides made during this revolutionary period.