Prior to 1890, which entity controlled immigration in America?

Prior to 1890, immigration in the United States was primarily managed by individual states rather than a centralized federal authority. During this time, various states enacted their own laws and regulations governing the entry of immigrants, reflecting their unique economic needs and societal views.

Many states operated their own ports and immigration facilities, and they often set their own criteria for admitting immigrants. This decentralized approach meant that the experience and requirements for immigrants could vary significantly from one state to another.

The shift toward federal control began with the Immigration Act of 1890, which marked a significant change as it provided for the establishment of a more uniform federal approach to immigration management. This change arose due to increased immigration numbers and the need for more consistent policies across states, leading to a stronger federal role in immigration matters.