During which historical period did agriculture first begin to develop?

The development of agriculture primarily began during the Neolithic Period, which is often referred to as the "New Stone Age." This period, roughly spanning from around 10,000 BCE to around 3,000 BCE, marked a significant transformation in human history known as the Neolithic Revolution. It was during this time that humans transitioned from nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles to settled agricultural communities. This shift allowed for the domestication of plants and animals, leading to more stable food sources and the establishment of permanent settlements.

The Neolithic Period is characterized by innovations such as the development of farming techniques, the cultivation of crops, and the domestication of livestock. These changes laid the foundation for the rise of complex societies, as agricultural surplus allowed populations to grow and specialize in different trades and crafts.

In contrast, the Paleolithic Period precedes the Neolithic and is primarily associated with hunting and gathering practices. The Bronze Age and the Iron Age come after the Neolithic and are defined by advancements in metalworking and the establishment of early civilizations, rather than the initial development of agriculture itself.